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Marathon Terminology & Distances

Many new runners join events without basic knowledge of distances and terminology, often leading to confusion. For example, some may say, “I just finished a marathon,” after completing a 5k run. Others might mix up “negative splits” with “splits,” or think “DNF” means “Did Not Finish on time.” Clarifying these terms can enhance the running experience. Additionally, many new event organizers misuse terms, labeling a 5k or 10k run as a “Marathon.” There are many instances where incorrect terminology is used for running events.

Types of Marathons and Distances

  1. Full Marathon
    • Distance: 42.195 kilometers (26.2 miles)
  2. Half Marathon
    • Distance: 21.097 kilometers (13.1 miles)
  3. Ultra Marathon
    • Distance: Any distance greater than 42.195 kilometers (26.2 miles)
  4. Run/Race:
    • We can use the run or race word for short distances like 5km, 3km, or 10km. Distances greater than these are typically referred to as a run or race.

Terminology in Marathons

  • Aid Station
    • Definition: The points along the race course where runners can get water, refreshments, medical aid, and other support.
  • Bib
    • Definition: The race number worn by participants, usually pinned to the front of their shirts for identification, generally printed on non-tearable Tyvek paper.
  • Chip Timing
    • Definition: A timing method that uses a chip (RFID) attached to the runner’s bib to accurately record start, mid, and finish times.
  • Cut-off Time
    • Definition: The maximum time allowed to complete the race. Runners must finish within this time to be considered official finishers; those who complete the run after the cut-off time are considered DNF (Did Not Finish).
  • DNF (Did Not Finish)
    • Definition: A term used when a runner does not complete the race or does not finish within the cut-off timings.
  • DNS (Did Not Start)
    • Definition: A term used when a registered runner does not start the race.
  • Finish Line
    • Definition: The end point of the race where the timing stops, and runners complete their marathon or run.
  • Gun Time
    • Definition: The official race time measured from the starting gun to when the runner crosses the finish line.
  • Negative Split
    • Definition: Running the second half of the race faster than the first half.
  • Pace
    • Definition: The rate at which a runner completes each kilometer, often expressed as minutes per kilometer.
  • PR (Personal Record)
    • Definition: The fastest time a runner has ever completed a particular distance.
  • Race Kit
    • Definition: The collection of items provided to participants, typically including a bib with timing chip, t-shirt, safety pin, and other goodies.
  • Recovery
    • Definition: The period after the race when runners rest and recuperate.
  • Runner’s High
    • Definition: A euphoric feeling experienced during or after a run, attributed to the release of endorphins.
  • Splits
    • Definition: The times recorded at various points along the race course.
  • Tapering
    • Definition: The reduction of training intensity and volume in the weeks leading up to the marathon to allow the body to rest and recover.
  • Wave Start
    • Definition: A method of starting the race in groups or waves to reduce congestion on the course.
  • Bus
    • Definition: A runner who maintains a specific speed to help others achieve their target time during a race.
  • Pacer
    • Definition: A runner who maintains a specific speed to help elite runners in record-breaking events and achieve their target time during a race.

Difference between Bus or Pacer:

A bus is a runner who maintains a specific speed to help others achieve their target time during a race, while a pacer maintains a specific speed to assist elite runners in record-breaking events and achieving their target times. Generally, the term pacer is often misused instead of bus or lead captain.

Influencer

A runner with a substantial following who effectively promotes and raises awareness about the event through social media and other platforms, inspiring and encouraging others to participate. An influencer should be capable of bringing a significant number of participants to the event; otherwise, the term would be misapplied.

Race Director

The person is responsible for planning, organizing, and overseeing all aspects of a running event or marathon, including course design, logistics, participant registration, and safety.

Additional Marathon Terminology

  • BQ (Boston Qualifier)
    • Definition: A marathon time fast enough to qualify a runner for the Boston Marathon.
  • Carbo-loading
    • Definition: The practice of increasing carbohydrate intake before a race to maximize glycogen stores.
  • Course Certification
    • Definition: Official measurement and verification of a race course to ensure accuracy.
  • Drafting
    • Definition: Running closely behind another runner to reduce wind resistance and conserve energy.
  • Elite Runner
    • Definition: A highly skilled and competitive athlete who competes at the highest levels of racing.
  • Interval Training
    • Definition: Alternating between periods of high-intensity running and rest or recovery.
  • Jogging
    • Definition: Running at a slow, relaxed pace for exercise or warm-up.
  • Kick
    • Definition: A burst of speed at the end of a race to finish strong.

Conclusion

Understanding the various aspects of marathons, including distances and terminology, is essential for both runners and event organizers. Misuse of terms and lack of knowledge can lead to confusion and miscommunication. By clarifying these key concepts, participants can better prepare for their races, and organizers can accurately promote their events. Whether you’re running a 5k, a half marathon, or an ultra marathon, knowing the correct terminology and details enhances the overall experience. Embrace the journey of running with the right knowledge and enjoy the myriad of events available worldwide. Happy running!